Thai cooking as now enjoyed all over the world is
a blend of Asian and European influences adopted through
centuries of trade and diplomatic exchanges. Thais
have traditionally lived close to the land and the
waters, and original Thai cooking reflected that.
Main ingredients were rice, fish, vegetable and herbs.
Very little meat was used, and traditionally beef
or buffalo meat was eschewed since the animals were
the mainstays of farm life.
Thais grilled, baked and stewed their food, until
the Chinese introduced the techniques of cooking with
hot oil. European merchants, diplomats and missionaries
also contributed a lot to the cuisine, starting right
after their arrivals in the 16th Century. And we all
have the Portuguese to thank for introducing chilies
to Thai kitchens. Curries and spices, on the other
hand, were brought here by the Indians. Over the years
Thai cooks have added their own ingenuity, substituting
hard-to-find ingredients with what's available locally
and adapting the recipes to suit Thai palates.
A Royal Treat
Thai cooking has four regional variations plus the
highly refined "Royal" cuisine. Sometimes
translated into English as Palace Cuisine, this is
a heritage from the days of absolute monarchy, when
only the best was served at the Royal table. Every
dish must be pleasing to both the eye and the palate.
Not only must the ingredients be carefully selected
and the cooking techniques perfected, the presentation
must also be creative. Today Royal cuisine can be
sampled at some restaurants whose chefs are descended
from, or were trained by, former palace chefs. Look
for the key word "Royal" or "Palace"
in their names.
Some cooking schools offer classes on this refined
art, but if you don't have the time or the inclination,
you can opt for just a vegetable and fruit carving
class. Most schools and restaurants offering cooking
classes can arrange such a course, which can take
anywhere from an afternoon to a whole week. After
a few basic sessions and some practice at home, you
should be able to wow your dinner guests with your
new skills.
A Thai Meal
A Thai meal is traditionally a communal affair, with
two or more people sharing several dishes, all served
at the same time and eaten with steamed rice. The
dishes are:
Snacks and Hors d'oeuvres.These savory tidbits can
be eaten alone or as side dishes. Traditional favorites
include stuffed dumpling, satay, crisp-fried rice
noodles topped with sweet-and-spicy sauce, and spring
rolls. Creative presentation is a big part of Thai
snack-making, and a professional cook worth his salt
will strive to make them as much as feast for the
eye as for the palate.
Salads
Thai salads, called yam, are sour, sweet and salty.
A simple dressing works equally well for meat, seafood,
vegetable and fruit salads. This is made from fish
sauce, lime juice and a dash of sugar. The heat comes
from fiery little bird chilies, but just how hot a
salad should be depends on the texture and flavor
of the meat, vegetable or fruit used. Fresh herbs
such as marsh mint, lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves
and cilantro are usually used as garnish.
Chili Dips
Usually served with vegetables, meat or fish, chili
dips are very versatile. A dip can be a main dish
or side dish, added to a pan of fried rice to flavor
it, or drizzled on chips to jazz them up. A cook can
whip up a bowl of dip from chilies, garlic, onion
and shrimp paste or whatever ingredient is available-dried
or fermented fish, sour tamarind, dried shrimp, etc.
Soups
Thai soups generally are very flavorful. Meat or vegetable
is cooked in broth or coconut cream with a "soup
base," usually a blend of spices and herbs, which
gives the soup its flavor. A soup is served not at
first course but together with other dishes. This
way you can wash down the fiery heat of the more spicy
dishes with it.
Curries
The heart of all Thai curries is the curry pastes,
which, unlike Indian curry, are made from fresh herbs
and spices. The paste is cooked in coconut cream before
meat or vegetable is added. Main ingredients in most
curries are chili, garlic, shallot, galangal, coriander
root and krachai (a small brownish orange, indigenous
root. Canned curry pastes are available at markets
and grocery stores, but freshly-made pastes make more
delicious curries.
Single Dishes
Fried rice or noodle dishes make quick, satisfying
meals. You can improvise with different types of meat,
vegetables and spices. When cooking the rice, use
a little less water so it won't become soggy when
you fry it. Separate the noodles before adding it
to the oil. Add the meat and sauce, then the rice
or noodles, and stir frequently over high heat.
Desserts
Ideal for washing down the spices, Thai desserts are
sweet but not intensely so. Banana or flour dumplings
in sweetened coconut cream and season fruit in sugar
syrup topped with crushed ice are some of the easy-to-make
favorites. Thais also eat a lot of candied fruit-banana
and breadfruit being two of the most popular--alone
or topped with coconut cream.
Setting Up a Thai Kitchen
You need a few utensils to start. A wooden chopping
block, a set of knives, a set of mortar and pestle
(an electric blender will also do), a Chinese-style
frying pan or wok, a soup pot and a brass pan for
desserts should be enough for daily cooking and an
occasional dinner party. Spoon and fork are the only
cutlery you need. Thai cooks always have at hands
dried chilies, garlic, shallot, shrimp paste, and
a good bottle of fish sauce.
Finding a cooking school
There are a good number of cooking schools in Bangkok
and the major provinces. Any hotel with a Thai restaurant
can probably arrange a class for you. Some of the
hotel-restaurant courses emphasize hands-on practice
while others are "watch and eat" sessions.
Some teach basic skills that will enable you to make
your favorite dishes at home; others offer comprehensive
training ideal for budding professional chefs. Usually
the schools will let you choose the recipes, but a
number have very specific curricula based on menus
served at their restaurants.
Cooking schools run by major hotels are on average
more expensive, but meals are generally included.
Some schools even offer sessions on how to select
menu and order at restaurants. Schools in the provinces
usually offer classes on regional specialties as well
as national favorites, and there is no reason to limit
yourself to just tom yam kung and phad Thai! We hope
you will find one that suits your needs. Enjoy cooking!